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　　導(dǎo)讀：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種類似于正常組織干細(xì)胞響應(yīng)傷口的新機(jī)制，新機(jī)制或許可以解釋在化療藥物治療的多個(gè)周期后，為什么膀胱癌干細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)化療耐藥性。針對(duì)這個(gè)類似傷口響應(yīng)的機(jī)制，有可能提供一種新的方法來治療癌癥。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在Nature雜志上。治療晚期膀胱癌僅限于手術(shù)和化療，目前還沒有可用的有針對(duì)性的治療方法，通訊作者Keith Syson Chan說：化療反應(yīng)很不理想，所以臨床上的目標(biāo)是開發(fā)一個(gè)更具針對(duì)性的療法。

　　團(tuán)隊(duì)找到了已侵入肌肉的膀胱癌化療耐藥潛在性的發(fā)展機(jī)制。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在藥物治療周期之間，癌癥干細(xì)胞的再生積極促進(jìn)耐化療治療。 癌癥干細(xì)胞積極重新生長(zhǎng)，并響應(yīng)不同化療治療周期所引起的損傷或細(xì)胞凋亡（細(xì)胞死亡），類似于組織干細(xì)胞如何正常響應(yīng)傷口損傷。

　　瀕死的細(xì)胞釋放的代謝物（或因子）稱為前列腺素E2或PGE 2刺激增殖被從，這將導(dǎo)致癌癥干細(xì)胞重新填充化療縮小的腫瘤，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)。在正常細(xì)胞中，干細(xì)胞重生是傷口修復(fù)過程的一部分，即PGE 2誘導(dǎo)組織干細(xì)胞重新生長(zhǎng)。在癌癥化療周期之間，PGE2卻誘導(dǎo)多種癌癥干細(xì)胞的再生。

　　化療有周期性，化療一段時(shí)間后就停治療，讓你的骨髓與正常干細(xì)胞從損傷中恢復(fù)，然后另一個(gè)治療周期重新開始。癌癥干細(xì)胞也在這段空檔期恢復(fù)， 瀕死癌癥細(xì)胞釋放PGE2。在老鼠身上進(jìn)行的研究中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)阻斷前列腺素E2能抑制癌癥干細(xì)胞再生。

　　重要的是，我們能夠使用已經(jīng)獲得FDA的藥物，Kurtova說。 這將有助于我們快速啟動(dòng)人體臨床試驗(yàn)。該藥物是塞來昔布或Celebrex?，藥物最常用作用于關(guān)節(jié)炎的治療。（來源生物谷）

　　doi:110.1038/nature14034

　　PMC:

　　PMID:

　　Blocking PGE2-induced tumour repopulation abrogates bladder cancer chemoresistance

　　Antonina V. Kurtova, Jing Xiao, Qianxing Mo, Senthil Pazhanisamy, Ross Krasnow, Seth P. Lerner, Fengju Chen, Terrence T. Roh, Erica Lay, Philip Levy Ho & Keith Syson Chan

　　Cytotoxic chemotherapy is effective in debulking tumour masses initially; however, in some patients tumours become progressively unresponsive after multiple treatment cycles. Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are selectively enriched after chemotherapy through enhanced survival1, 2, 3. Here we reveal a new mechanism by which bladder CSCs actively contribute to therapeutic resistance via an unexpected proliferative response to repopulate residual tumours between chemotherapy cycles, using human bladder cancer xenografts. Further analyses demonstrate the recruitment of a quiescent label-retaining pool of CSCs into cell division in response to chemotherapy-induced damages, similar to mobilization of normal stem cells during wound repair4, 5, 6, 7. While chemotherapy effectively induces apoptosis, associated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release paradoxically promotes neighbouring CSC repopulation. This repopulation can be abrogated by a PGE2-neutralizing antibody and celecoxib drug-mediated blockade of PGE2 signalling. In vivo administration of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor celecoxib effectively abolishes a PGE2- and COX2-mediated wound response gene signature, and attenuates progressive manifestation of chemoresistance in xenograft tumours, including primary xenografts derived from a patient who was resistant to chemotherapy. Collectively, these findings uncover a new underlying mechanism that models the progressive development of clinical chemoresistance, and implicate an adjunctive therapy to enhance chemotherapeutic response of bladder urothelial carcinomas by abrogating early tumour repopulation.

　　膀胱癌如何治療？膀胱癌的治療藥物可以選擇：芪棗顆粒、參一膠囊、復(fù)可托等。

　　詳情請(qǐng)致電我們的客服垂詢：400-101-6868。如需購(gòu)買芪棗顆粒、參一膠囊、復(fù)可托，可到臨近門店。廣東省中山市分店地址為：中山市石岐區(qū)蓮塘路1號(hào)樂陶苑商住樓7-8卡（市人民醫(yī)院斜對(duì)面，市第一幼兒園對(duì)面）。門店電話：0760 -88820607。

　　腫瘤科藥師溫馨提醒：膀胱癌可以說是男性疾病，在臨床的治療中，膀胱癌的治療方法多種多樣，同時(shí)；治療膀胱癌的藥物也是多種多樣的，下面就為您帶來膀胱癌治療方法的概述。

TAG：膀胱癌 腫瘤